![]() However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. ![]() The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. As the temperature increases, the molecules move more rapidly and their kinetic energies are better able to overcome the forces that hold them together thus, the viscosity of the liquid decreases. As Table 1 shows, the more structurally complex are the molecules in a liquid and the stronger the IMFs between them, the more difficult it is for them to move past each other and the greater is the viscosity of the liquid. The IMFs between the molecules of a liquid, the size and shape of the molecules, and the temperature determine how easily a liquid flows. You can view the transcript for “Surface tension | States of matter and intermolecular forces | Chemistry | Khan Academy” here (opens in new window). (credit a: modification of work by Scott Bauer credit b: modification of work by David Nagy) (a) Honey and (b) motor oil are examples of liquids with high viscosities they flow slowly. ![]()
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